1)
A.
Definition of Subject, Verb, Complement, and Modifier
The subject of a
sentence or clause is the part of the sentence or clause about which something
is being said. It is usually the doer of the action. It is a noun or a pronoun.
grammar : a word (such
as jump, think, happen, or exist ) that is usually one of the main parts of a
sentence and that expresses an action, an occurrence, or a state of being
a
word that characteristically is the grammatical center of a predicate and
expresses an act, occurrence, or mode of being, that in various languages is
inflected for agreement with the subject, for tense, for voice, for mood, or
for aspect, and that typically has rather full descriptive meaning and
characterizing quality but is sometimes nearly devoid of these especially when
used as an auxiliary or linking verb.
Something that
completes something else or makes it better.
Grammar : a word or
group of words added to a sentence to make it complete
grammar : a word (such
as an adjective or adverb) or phrase that describes another word or group of
words
one that modifies, a
word or phrase that makes specific the meaning of another word or phrase, and a
gen that modifies the effect of another
B. Make 5 Senteces and determine its
Subject, Verb, Complement and Modifier
- Mother frying fish in the kitchen using a
frying pan
- Father went to the office in the morning with
a two-wheeled vehicle
- Ani buy cake at store cake for a birthday her
brother who was 6 years old.
- Me and my friends went to Yogyakarta by train
Progo at night.
- Nita and her family walked together to the
polling stations for the elections sounds 2014 in the morning.
2)
Mention
and Define the Kinds of Pronoun
-
Give
the example of each kinds of Pronoun
Pronoun is a word that is used
instead of a noun, e.g. he, she, it, they, his, her, him its etc.
Example.
John is an intelligent student. He goes to
school daily. He studies a lot. He is making preparation for
examination. He will get high marks examination.
In the above paragraph pronoun “he” is used instead of noun
“John”. If we do not use pronoun in above paragraph we will have to use the
noun “John” again and again in each sentence. So, the purpose of
pronoun is to avoid the repetition of a noun.
Examples. He, she, it, they, you, I, we, who, him, her,
them, me, us, whom, his, its, their, your, mine, our and whose, myself,
himself, herself , yourself, which, this, that these, those, are
the pronouns which are mostly used.
Pronoun can be divided into following
groups.
· a. Personal Pronouns: e.g. I,
you, He, she, it, they, who, me, him, her, them, whom
· b. Possessive Pronouns: e.g. yours,
mine, his, hers, ours, theirs,
· c. Reflexive Pronouns: e.g. myself,
himself, herself, itself, yourself, ourselves, themselves
· d. Reciprocal Pronoun: e.g. each
other, one another
e. Relative Pronouns: e.g. who,
whom, whose, which, that
· f. Demonstrative Pronoun: e.g. this,
these, that, those
Types of Pronoun
There
five types of pronoun
1.
Personal Pronoun
2. Possessive Pronoun
3. Reflixive Pronoun
4. Relative Pronoun
5. Demonstrative Pronoun
Personal Pronouns
Personal pronoun describes a particular person or thing or
group.
Personal pronoun describes the person speaking (I, me, we, us), the person spoken to
(you), or the person or thing spoken about (he, she, it, they, him, her, them).
Examples.
He helps poor.
The pronoun “he” in above sentence describes a person who
helps poor.
She is intelligent
We love our country.
The teacher appreciated
them..
He gave her a gift.
Did you go to home?
Possessive Pronouns
Possessive
Pronoun indicates close possession or
ownership or relationship of a thing/person to another thing/person.
e.g. yours,
mine, his, hers, ours, theirs, hers,
Example :
This book is mine.
The
pronoun “mine” describes the relationship between book and a person (me) who
possesses this book or who is the owner of this book.
Examples.
That car is hers.
Your book is old. Mine is
new.
The pen on the table is mine.
The smallest cup is yours.
The voice is hers.
Note: Possessive
adjectives (my, her, your) may be confused with possessive pronouns. Possessive
adjective modifies noun in terms of possession. Both possessive adjective and
possessive show possession or ownership, but possessive adjective is used (with
noun) to modify the noun while Possessive pronoun is used instead (in place of)
a noun.
Examples
This is my book. (Possessive adjective: “my”
modifies the noun “book”)
This book is mine. (Possessive
pronoun: “mine” is used instead of noun “to whom the book belongs”)
Reflexive Pronoun
Reflexive pronoun describes noun when subject’s action
affects the subject itself.
e.g himself, yourself,
herself, ourselves, themselves, itself are reflexive pronouns.
Reflexive pronouns always act as objects not subjects, and
they require an interaction between the subject and an object.
Examples.
I looked at myself in the mirror.
You should think about yourself.
They prepared themselves for completion.
She pleases herself by think that she
will win the prize.
He bought a car for himself.
Note: Reflexive
noun can also be used to give more emphasis on subject or object. If a
reflexive pronoun is used to give more emphasis on a subject or an object, it
is called “Intensive
Pronoun”. Usage and function of intensive pronoun are different from
that of reflexive pronoun.
For example, she herself started to
think about herself.
In the above sentence the first “herself” is used as intensive pronoun while
the second “herself” is used as reflexive pronoun.
See the following
examples of intensive pronouns.
Examples.
(Intensive Pronouns)
I did it myself. OR. I myself did it.
She herself washed the clothes.
He himself decided to go to New York.
She herself told me.
Reciprocal
Pronouns
Reciprocal
Pronouns are used when each of two or more subjects reciprocate to the other.
or Reciprocal pronouns are used when two subjects act in same way towards each
other, or,
more subjects act in same way to one another.
For
example, A loves B and B love A. we can say that A and B loves each other.
There
are two reciprocal pronouns
·
Each
other
·
One
another.
Examples.
John and Marry are talking to each other.
The students gave cards to one another.
The people helped one another in hospital.
Two boys were pushing each other.
Relative Pronouns
Relative Pronoun describes a
noun which is mentioned before and more information is to be given about it.
Or
Relative pronoun is a pronoun which joins relative clauses and relative
sentences.
For example, It
is the person, who helped her.
In this sentence the word “who” is a relative pronoun which refers to the noun
(the person) which is already mentioned in beginning of sentence (It is the
person) and more information (he helped her) is given after using a relative
pronoun (who) for the noun (the person).
Similarly, in above sentence the pronoun “who” joins two clauses which are “it is the
person” and “who helped
her”.
Examples. The
most commonly used five relative pronouns are, who, whom, whose,
which, that.
“Who” is for subject and “whom” is used for object. “who” and “whom” are used
for people. “Whose” is used to show possession and can be used for
both people and things. “Which” is used for things. “That” is used for people
and things.
Examples.
It is the girl who got first position in class.
Adjective is a word that modifies noun.
The man whom I met yesterday is a
nice person.
It is the planning that makes succeed.
The boy who is laughing is my
friend.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that points to a thing or things.
e.g. this, that, these, those, none, neither
These
pronouns point to thing or things in short distance/time or long distance/time.
Short
distance or time: This,
these.
Long distance or time: That,
those.
Demonstrative pronouns “this and that” are used for singular thing while “these
or those” are used for plural things.
Examples
This is black.
That is heavy.
Can you see these?
Do you like this?
John brought these.
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